The research shows that genetics accounts for about 80% of ADHD cases. That means it is one of the most heritable mental health conditions. If a parent has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, their child has a higher risk of developing ADHD.
However, it is not entirely genetic. Sometimes, environmental conditions also play a critical role in the development of ADHD in people.
How Is ADHD Genetically Inherited?
ADHD involves many genetic variations working together. These genes affect brain chemicals like dopamine, and that’s how ADHD is passed in several generations.
When a parent has ADHD, they may pass some of these genetic variations to their children. The more of these variations a child inherits, the higher their risk for ADHD becomes.
How Likely Is It to Inherit ADHD?
If one parent has ADHD, each child has approximately a 30-50% chance of developing the condition. If both parents have ADHD, the risk increases further.
Similarly, siblings of people with ADHD are more likely to develop ADHD than children without an affected sibling.
The Role of Multiple Genes in ADHD
There is nothing like a single "ADHD gene." According to the experts, there are hundreds of gene variations that cause the ADHD problem in people.
These gene variations influence the:
- Dopamine regulation and reward processing
- Brain structure and connectivity
- Executive function development
- Impulse control mechanisms
That’s why ADHD is considered a complex mental health issue. Just like its root cause, its symptoms and diagnosis are also complex.
Some individuals with ADHD struggle mainly with attention, while others deal more with hyperactivity.
Environmental Factors Still Matter in ADHD
ADHD is highly genetic, but in many cases, environmental risk factors enhance the intensity of the condition.
Birth Complications
Premature birth, low birth weight, or traumatic delivery and other complications don't guarantee a child will develop ADHD, but they do create an increased risk. This is why proper parental care and monitoring during pregnancy are so important.
Environmental Toxins
If the kid is exposed to extreme environmental toxins like lead, smoke, pollution, or pesticides, it increases the risk of the development of ADHD.
Maternal smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy can also contribute to mental disorders.
Lifestyle Factors
ADHD can get severe later in life due to improper daily habits. It can include:
- Inconsistent or poor quality sleep.
- Lack of exercise or any type of physical activity.
- Excessive screen time, particularly in young children.
- Chaotic, unpredictable environments and broken routines.
Psychological Issues
When a person is exposed to life stressors early, it can affect the ADHD symptoms more. These factors include:
- Severe stress, abuse, or neglect in early childhood.
- Ongoing family stress, instability, or conflict.
- Anxiety and depression also contribute to the issue.
Is ADHD Hereditary or Just Genetic?
ADHD is both genetic and hereditary. "Genetic" refers to genes you're born with, while "hereditary" means traits passed down through families. ADHD runs in families because children inherit genetic variations from their parents.
What to Do if You Have ADHD?
If you or your loved one has ADHD, you must contact the experts at Boston Neurobehavioral Associates. Our team of experienced professionals specializes in comprehensive ADHD evaluations and evidence-based treatment approaches for both children and adults.
Reach out today to schedule a consultation and take the first step towards recovery.
FAQs
What Is the Root Cause of ADHD?
ADHD has no single root cause. There are several reasons why ADHD occurs, including gene variations, environmental factors, changes in brain anatomy, and improper life routines.
What Makes ADHD Worse?
Stress, sleep deprivation, poor diet (high sugar/processed foods), lack of exercise, and substance use make ADHD worse.
What Is the Biggest Indicator of ADHD?
Severe conditions of inattention, hyperactivity, restlessness, forgetfulness, and excessive talking are the biggest indicators of ADHD.
At What Age Does ADHD Peak?
ADHD peaks during the ages from 3 to 6 (in childhood or school years). In the academic phase, the child is required to focus on multiple areas, such as academics and organization, which can expose the symptoms of ADHD.
What Does High ADHD Look Like?
High ADHD looks like someone has a racing mind with poor time management and organization skills. It can lead to burnout and constant mental restlessness. In daily life, it can show up as forgetting keys, talking excessively, and struggling to complete routine tasks.